Emperor’s Birthday, celebrated annually on February 23, is a national holiday in Japan dedicated to honoring the birthday of the reigning emperor. In 2025, this day celebrates Emperor Naruhito, who was born on February 23, 1960, and ascended to the Chrysanthemum Throne in 2019. Known as Tennō Tanjōbi, this public holiday is one of Japan’s most significant occasions, reflecting the nation’s deep respect for its imperial family and cultural heritage.
Why Is It Celebrated?
The Emperor’s Birthday is celebrated to honor the symbolic role of the emperor as a unifying figure and representative of the Japanese people. While the emperor holds no political power, he embodies the continuity and cultural identity of Japan. The day provides an opportunity for citizens to express their respect and gratitude toward the emperor for his service and dedication.
Cultural Significance
The Emperor’s Birthday reflects Japan’s long-standing traditions and reverence for its imperial family, which is considered the oldest hereditary monarchy in the world. The day fosters a sense of national unity and pride while highlighting the cultural values of respect, gratitude, and harmony.
Social Impact
This holiday brings together citizens from all walks of life to celebrate their shared heritage. One of the most notable aspects of the day is the rare opportunity for the public to visit the inner grounds of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. Thousands gather to greet the emperor, empress, and members of the imperial family as they appear on a balcony to receive well-wishes.
The Importance of It
The Emperor’s Birthday serves as a reminder of Japan’s unique historical legacy and its enduring connection to its imperial institution. It also emphasizes themes of unity, peace, and cultural preservation. As one of only two days each year when citizens can access parts of the Imperial Palace (the other being January 2), it holds special significance for many Japanese people.
Educational Value
This day provides an opportunity to learn about Japan’s imperial history, from Emperor Jimmu—the legendary first emperor—to Emperor Naruhito today. Schools and cultural organizations often host events or discussions about Japan’s monarchy, its role in modern society, and its contributions to national identity.
Emotional Connection
For many Japanese citizens, this day evokes feelings of pride and reverence for their country’s traditions. The celebratory atmosphere at the Imperial Palace creates a sense of closeness between the people and their emperor, fostering emotional bonds that transcend generations.
The Origin of It
The tradition of celebrating an emperor’s birthday dates back centuries but became a formal public holiday during Emperor Meiji’s reign (1867–1912). Originally called Tenchōsetsu, meaning “Festival of Heaven and Earth,” it was renamed Tennō Tanjōbi after World War II in 1948. The date changes with each new emperor to reflect their birthday.
Historical Events
- 1868: Emperor Meiji’s birthday becomes a formal celebration.
- 1948: The holiday is officially renamed Tennō Tanjōbi after World War II.
- 2019: Emperor Naruhito ascends the throne after Emperor Akihito abdicates.
- 2020: February 23 becomes the official date for Emperor Naruhito’s Birthday holiday.
Evolution Over Time
While initially focused on imperial ceremonies, modern celebrations have expanded to include public festivities such as parades, cultural events, and educational activities. The day remains deeply rooted in tradition while adapting to contemporary societal values.
How to Celebrate
- Visit the Imperial Palace: Take part in the rare opportunity to see Emperor Naruhito and members of the imperial family as they greet well-wishers from a balcony.
- Wave Flags: Join crowds waving miniature Japanese flags while shouting birthday greetings.
- Learn About History: Explore documentaries or books about Japan’s imperial family and its historical significance.
- Participate in Cultural Events: Attend parades or exhibitions showcasing traditional Japanese arts and crafts.
- Share Online: Post messages or photos using hashtags like #EmperorsBirthday or #TennōTanjōbi.
- Reflect on Heritage: Use this day to appreciate Japan’s rich history and cultural traditions.
Conclusion
The Emperor’s Birthday is more than just a celebration—it is a reflection of Japan’s enduring respect for its traditions and unity as a nation. On February 23, 2025, let us join in honoring Emperor Naruhito while embracing the values of peace, gratitude, and cultural pride that this day represents. Whether through visiting the Imperial Palace or learning about Japan’s imperial history, this occasion offers a meaningful way to connect with one of Japan’s most cherished traditions.
